my lexico -- 1

Poised – means an object or a part of your body which is still right now but is ready to be in action at any time

E.g.- my pen was poised over the page, ready to write down the answer as  soon as the bell rings.

The military forces are poised for attack. 

The company is poised to face the new challenge

I am poised to take the examination this year

Are we poised for a change?

She saw a little white bird poised on a branch and fluttering its wings.

He sat with his pen poised, ready to take down the notes  

Her finger was poised on the camera as she waited for them to take positions

The man across the road is poised to take down the thieves as soon as they come out of the bank

They stood their waiting, poised for action

I stood there for 5 hrs poised for some action but saw nothing not a flutter.

The suspect shows no movement, I am poised to take action

Poised to do something =------- ready to do something 

Poised – another meaning is cam and controlled behaviour a balance in the way a person holds his body

Composure and dignity of manner

Balance or equilibrium

It is an evenly poised election

In an evenly poised match last night Delhi daredevils tasted victory.

It was a poised competition; the 2 competitors were equally matched.

He looked embarrassed for a moment and then regained his poise (composure)

Her confidence and poise show that she is a top model.

It is the confidence, dignity and poise in his personality that helped him to climb the success ladder so high, not often do you hear success stories about graft anymore. That poise in his character has helped him or given him a faculty to deal with tough and highly pressurized, situations which demand quick and fruitful results with a very small room for faults.

Graft—bribe

And hard work

After so many years of grafting  finally , he has got a chance to relax and do something for himself.

Faculty-- one of the inherent cognitive (connected with thinking or conscious mental process) or perceptual powers of the mind like ability to hear thing feel or an ability to do something a particular thing

She still has all her faculties

Is he in command of all his faculties?

Are u in possession of all your faculties or senses

Are in possession of all your senses abilities or faculties

She had a faculty for inspiring confidence in people.

Studying has certainly sharpened my faculties or honed my skills.

Mental faculty

Modules

Microcosm – a small place or society or situation which has the same characteristics as something much larger

Opp

Macrocosm – a universe a large organized system considered as a whole

A universe, not as individual smaller groups

The audience was selected to create a microcosm of Indian society.

The fortunes of Indian cricket team encapsulate the story of post colonial India in microcosm.

Octogenarian – a person who is between 80 and 89 years old

The suspense is finally over with the octogenarian having decided to anoint his son vikramas  heir( pronounced as aer)to his business empire. Taking advantage of the situation vikram also thanked his predecessor for giving him the opportunity and promised to continue his legacy forward.

Anoint – nominate as successors

nakul gulati: UNITED WE STAND DIVIDED WE FALL

nakul gulati: UNITED WE STAND DIVIDED WE FALL: "from allies to foes this journey was like a sweet tale but ending at a rumpus resulting in to a discord of the relationship between one of ..."

difference between a republic and a democratic

soon to be written

What is this India inc.?

this the most common term you will listen read almost every day more than one time whenever you move to the business page or tune to a business channel

often i wondered this might be India's biggest company which manufactures steel and coal
how stupid of me today i wondered what it is

it is a term often used by Indian media to define the or refer to the corporate sector of the nation

who controls the internet?

When the Internet was originally designed, one of the goals was that there would be no “central point of failure”. It was originally a military project, and the idea was that the network would keep functioning even if it got damaged. Even if you were to damage the Internet so much that if was broken into two completely separate pieces, those two pieces would still work. You would be able to communicate with every computer in your piece.

In that sense, no one controls the Internet. Every computer is equal and they all connect to each other equally.

However, countries and companies exert control over the Internet. For example, if you are using a computer inside a company, that company can easily control your access to the Internet. The company can make certain services and certain sites inaccessible to you by blocking them at the firewall. In the same way, in a country like China, the cables that bring the Internet into the country are under government control. So China can control all kinds of things with a nationwide firewall.

Similarly, your Internet Service Provider (ISP) exerts some control over your Internet experience. Your ISP can throttle your bandwidth or block certain kinds of traffic. Of course you have the option of getting a new ISP.

another answer which i would like to share when i searched over the internet is---The official answer is no one, but it is a half-truth that few swallow. If all nations are equal online, the US is more equal than others.

Not that it is an easy issue to define. The internet is, essentially, a group of protocols by which computers communicate, and innumerable servers and cables, most of which are in private hands. However, in terms of influence, the overwhelming balance of power lies with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, based in Marina Del Rey, California.

ICANN is a not-for-profit organisation that regulates online addresses, known as domain names, and their suffixes, such as ".com" and ".org". Since ICANN reports to the US government's Department of Commerce, the domain name process is effectively overseen by the US government. China, Russia and Europe have all expressed concern ...

who decides the value of a currency?

Currency value is determine by the purchasers of the currency. These are primarily travelers, governments and Forex traders. FOREX stands for Foreign Exchange. There are many factors that currency traders, governments and businesses take into consideration in determining the Fair Market Value of a currency.

Fair Market Value is the price at which a willing buyer and a willing seller come together. The buyer must factor in many elements and considerations to try to accurately assess a currency's value at any given time. There are approximately 180 different currencies in the world now.

Many things that i wanted myself to be aware of

Theirs one particular quality in me that people from time to time have maid me aware of, sometimes it has proved good for me and good for others as well and sometimes it has had adverse effects i.e it annoys others and then i get annoyed. I am sure by the end of this blog you will be crystal clear about what idiosyncratic trait of my nature i have tried to penned down.
Ever since i got some power to think in my minuscule head, i became curious about whatever came in my way, may be i was always curious about way things functioned or who decides their blueprint or the rules of the game and why which was a good thing but not so often as i mentioned above anyways this aspect of mine cannot be cured so it should be better endured. I was always inquisitive about they ground rules are set up for most of the things that work around us and how are these guidelines decided take for an example a simple question i asked somebody how is the value of our currency decided?
cause what i basically meant was if this piece of paper or metal is what people are fighting for in their entire life, and this piece of paper with abstract art of famous politicians around the world and in different colors is what has the power to have anything u desire then all we need to do is print them in huge quantities and supply them to the poor this solves the elephantine problem of poverty which solves many interlinked other problems but regretfully this aint going to happen as i had my basics wrong, if its all about printing multicolored papers then the printing mills owner must be the king of the world, unfortunately he isnt so i began my search to find out what decides the value of our money and how much can we print and circulate?

their are a few basic prerequisites u need to know to understand what i learned today

exchange rate --the exchange rates (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies specify how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. It is the value of a foreign nation’s currency in terms of the home nation’s currency. basically the worth of one currency in terms of another currency.
their are two types of exchange rates as well spot exchange rate(current exchange rate) and forward exchange rate(rate quoted today but will be delivered on some other day).
PPP--purchasing power parity

An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency's purchasing power.
The relative version of PPP is calculated as:

Where:
"S" represents exchange rate of currency 1 to currency 2
"P₁" represents the cost of good "x" in currency 1
"P₂" represents the cost of good "x" in currency 2

this what i found on net about ppp
however what i can infer from it compares the purchasing power of one country to another for a particular commodity and when they are calculated for various commodities they are clubbed to determine the exchange rate between them.
IMF-- International Monetary Fund
is an intergovernmental organisation which supervises global financial system it basically has a hand in deciding country's exchange rate by keeping track of all the transactions the demand of one currency and the amount or purchase of other currencies and it also provides loans to other poorer countries as well keeps the balance of payments it has its headquarters in Washington United States it has many member countries and has faced much criticism as well india us china japan are few key members of this organization
Members of the IMF are 186 of the UN members and Kosovo

how are decisions taken here? Major decisions require an 85% supermajority.^[24] The United StatesEuropean Union have a combined vote of 710,786 (32.07%).^[25] On October 23, 2010, the Ministers of Finance of G-20, governing most of the IMF member quotas, agreed to reform IMF and shift about 6% of the voting shares to major developing nations and countries with emerging markets
has always been the only country able to block a supermajority on its own. The following table shows the top 20 member countries in terms of voting power (2,220,817 votes in total). The 27 member states of the
india has 1.91% quota in it
china and japan have 3.72 and 6.12
where as us has the largest about 17%
okay
now lets come to the crux of the matter
how are exchange rates decided ?
value of a currency is determined by its demand in the international market
like other commodities which can be sold or bought currency can also be bought or sold so basically if i need to buy a tv from usa i need to pay the vendor the currency of usa to buy it which is obviously dollars so first of all i need to buy dollars and then i can trade dollars for getting a tv
this is how we trade currencies and now if demand of a currency is more that is more and more goods are being bought from that currency or all transactions are taking place in that currency so that currency will become strong and that currency when bought will give that country a lot of other country's currency to buy their goods that's how the things work
thats why value of a currency in terms of another currency will

.depend on the thing being traded(i mean various commodities)
.the ppp purchasing power parity
.amount of gold reserves a country has
.the price of that commodity being bought or sold in two different countries
.inflation rates in the two countries
.imf international monetary fund

After the gold standard and the US dollar standard fell, the world entered an age of the floating currency exchange. This means that everyday a nations currency might be more valuable or less valuable than the day before. What determines the fluctuations? Buyers. Countries all over the world purchase other countries currencies, which determines the value. The American Dollar is strong because many countries buy a whole lot of US Dollars. If investors and buyers decide to stop buying US Dollars, then the value of the US dollar would drop significantly. Now if countries like japan and china Japan about whom some economists argue that they intentionally keep the exchange rate low so that buyers on the world market will not purchase the Yen for example.

You would think that a weak national currency would indicate that this country is poor. Not always the case (China is a good exampe), the argument is that nations like Japan and China want their currency to be low in value so that other nations (like the US) will buy more Japanese and Chinese products imported. Think about it, if the US dollar is twice as strong as the Yen, than it can buy twice as many Japanse goods. If a computer costs 1,000 dollars in the US, but 1000 Yen in Japan, than you could buy two Japanese computers. make sense?

The Yens value is tampered with by the Chinese Government. It is fixed a price determined by other currencies to minimize its value thereby allowing for more exports this will increase the demand of yen in the market.and a time when all the trade is being done in yen it will increase its value by stop producing more currency and then we will be able to buy less yens in the same amount of dollars as the price has got high
However, Bank of Japan manipulates the currency market by flooding the market with yen. This keeps the value low thus increasing the attractiveness of its exports high. This is all much to the dismay of the US who would like Japan to buy some American stuff with all of that US currency they are hanging on to. But, buying consumer items from another country is not necessarily beneficial to Japan in the short term, and they can't see the long term.
What they often do is use that money to buy land in Hawaii and other states. Of course this doesn't do anything to affect the trade deficit
Japan is the world wealthiest nation and second largest economy after the USA. exchange of a nation can be either under fixed(set by govt./central bank) or flexible exchange rate(determined by demand and supply conditions in the forex market); as an economist